Radiator



D. TENNEY April 2, y1935.

RADIATORA Filed Jan. 10, 1934 3 sheets-sheet 1 FIG-.2

gmc/M3049 WGHT TE/V/VEY D. TENNEY April 2, 1935.

RADIATOR File Jan. 1o, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 3mm/WOT D w/GHT TEN/W5 By y WWA iwf PREssuRE nR'oP AcRoss RAnmToR- 1N. arm/ATER.

`Patented LApr. Y2, 1935 Um'ralofsTA'i1ESY mit ' ,.RADiATbRe Y Dwighflreiiy, Newark, N. J. I t f Application January 10, Y1934V,Serial No. 706,129A 150mm. (c1. 257-7144.)V Y

proved Vradiator construction which the amount of material required and thespace oc` cupied by the radiator for a 'given air capacity is greatly reduced over prior arrangements.'

Another object is to devise, a; radiator con# Y struction inv which lall available radiating ysur--` face is utilized for heating'the air.

, Another specic object is to provide a steam Y radiator construction .to facilitate theV drainage of the condensate from the radiator andy to prevent the formation of airpockets. Y The invention is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings in which; i f j Figure 1 is a side elevational view'of the preferred form of my radiator with one side plate removed; Y

.Figure 2 vis a sectional View along line ?u`--2.o'f,

Figure 1; v v Figure 3 is a sectional view of Fig.- 1 along line 3 3, with certain parts omitted;

Figurefl isa side ,View of a second.y form of radiator according to my invention;

Figure 5 is a sectional View' along lineli--Sfof- Figure 4, with certainparts omitted;

Figure 6 is a side View ofY a third form ofradiator; Y y v Figure 7 is a sectional view of Figure 6 along line `If-'1, with certain parts omitted;

radiator;

Figure 9 isa sideview of a semi-circular form of radiator; A

Figure 10 is a sectional View of Figure 9 along line Ill-l0, with certain fparts omitted;

Figure 1l is a detail View illustrating the airV y flow around two diierent forms of heater tube;

Figure 12 is a series of curvesillustrating the 0f mY improd ,lfav l baifle Ig' extends upwardly from plate Ig ber-:

tweenthe upper ,legs of the center kLit-tubes vforj Ath'ejsame purpose.- vSimilar baiiles le and|c" operating characteristics diator. n Y l Referring to Figures 1to'3,rthe preferred Hform of t my radiator construction comprises an enclos-v ing sheet metal casing formed of two sideplates la and lb, a top plate VIcQand a bottom plate Id. The plates forming the casing kare heldin position by a suitable frame formed of angle-bars as "illustrated inthe drawings. .Sidey plate lblhas been'omitted" in Figure 1 to-shbw Vthe internal construction of jthe radiator. Mounted within vthefcasing arev two V-shaped headers 2 Vand 3,v

one aboveV the other,v and a numberof Ufshaped f heater tubes 4 are connected -between the'fhead'- ers as shown. Arrangedwithin "the casinglar'e a pair fof verticalplates le and'l f anda horizontal mainairfchannels or passages A and B through the radiator,l and also to define two Vside"v passages plate lg positioned to define upper andlower the tube pass through passage Brand are con'- Y Y nected with Athe V-header 3.- Figure 3 shows the Varrangement of fthe tubes; with respect-to the passages A, B, C and D; only twoU-tubes being shown, the remainderbeing omitted for vthesake of Yclearness of illustration. Any suitableA method` of'eonnectionof they -tubes to the headersrmay be employed, such as by weldin'g, oryby the j threaded connectionsrrlla indicated in Figure'S. For the sake of clearness of illustration, the

threadedjconnections have not been'shownv in Fig.: 2. Header .2 isprovided` withv an inlet ex,-V tension` aat the bottomV of the r`V and extending to theoutside vof Vthe casingthrough plate I b, and `headerl3 Yis provided withanfoutlet exten,-

sion 3aV atl the bottom of v,the V `and passing;

throughthe bottom plate] d. Each ofthe jU- tubes 4 isprovided with spaced .radiating fins 4b formed of thin sheet metal of good heat conductivity. These radiating fins are provided on the tubes in the main passages lA-a'nd B and'have tubes only. I prefer to use lsquare ns of :a size such that the airvstream must come into contact with at least two ns in passing-through a row of heater tubes, ras will be clear vfrom Figure 1.

. been illustrated in Figures 2 and 3` on twoiof the Figure 8 is a side View of a fourth form ofV lower legs of the two center U'tubes. to prevent the. air from by-passing these tubes. A like.v

- of the angleibetween the headers'an'd the passage s tions-as described abovefo'r Figure-.1.

e Y v1,996,691' Figures 6 and' 7 where; instead' f employing' vtype. headers;'I use. two straight headers 5 and B betweentwhich U-tubes'4 are connected', andthe upper and lower walls of the casing,Y as well as the! central plate lg; areV formed so that opposite sections'of the mainl passages A and B lie at .op-e

posite' angles tothe axis ofztheheaders asillusf.

tratedinfFigure 6. By this construction, the air in eachgpassage is passedthroughy one row/ of Vheaterjtubes twice, once'on the up-slope of theY passage and once on the down slope. The amount andthe size and spacing of theheater tubes in thiscase are determinedby the same considera- Constructional details described above for Figures lto 3 may ,bei used Vin this Yconstruction'. but have not' been shown in the drawings. i Y f In Figure 8 I have illustrated another arrangement of radiator inwhichthe main air passages 'are straight, and straight headers l and8` are arranged within the header passage at an anglev to the main passages with thetubes 4 connected' betweeniand passing through' main passages A and l as'shown. This construction results in'an arrangement' substantially.equivalent to Vone end section .of the arrangement illustrated in Figure l, and,` its operation 'will Vbe readily understood. If desired,rthe casing of Figure 8 may be Vextended l .and another loop-tubeand header assembly like' that shown may beinserted and` arranged at the same or Vopposite angle with'respectto the pas# sages. Headers Tand 8 are provided with'inlet and 'outlet connections 'M and 8a located Vat the lowermost ends'of the headers to facilitate drainage of .thecondensate from'theradiator. j"

InA Figures 9 and 10 I have illustrated a radiatorv arrangement in .i which the headers '9 and I0 are formed. as semi-circular tubes arrangedl within a casing'of generally semi-circular construction, the center of the headers ,being-eccentric to the center of the casing in such manner that therows of heater tubes 4 cross the two mainlpassages'A' and B- twice in the :length ofthe passagesas shown in Figure 9. An inlet 9a isprovided at Vthe'. lowermos'tl point of header 9 and an outlet lilcfzl at' the lowest point in header I. Only one VU-tube has been shownrin Figure 10, and other details of construction have been'omitted to avoid confusion of illustration.Y

In Figures 1, 4, 8 and 9, it will be seen that the constructions involve headers which are inclined at an angle to the horizontal, and inlet and outlet connections are made'to these headersV at the lowermost point, the inletfbeing in the upper header and the outlet in the lower header. This construction makes it possible for both the steamV and the condensate to iiow in the same direction, and Vfacilitates the drainage of the condensate from the radiator coils. Also, in Figures 1, 4 and 9, since the inlet and outlet passages are locatedA in the middle of the header tubes, the steam-V velocity within the headers is materially reduced over that in the supply pipe. 'j

In order to reduce the resistance to flow of air through the radiator and to obtain a moreintimate contact of the air with the heater tubesI may use heater tubes having a streamlinesection instead of circular section. In Figure 1l I have shown the direction of s air currents flowing through aline of heater tubes with attached iins,

the tube at the left having a circular section whileV the two remaining tubes are formed with streamline sections. It will be noted that in the case of the circular tube, eddy currents are set up behind the-tub'e-'zand'a partialvacuumis created at this point,ythus increasing Ythe resistance land preventing, good contact of the air with the'pipe. vIn the caseof the streamline section, fthe. airflows smoothlyoverthe tube surface, the,` friction is reduced, .and a 'greater/radiating surface is Vpresented tothe air;v j: Streamline `tubing may be used intall forms of radiator construction described above. i

fWhile my' radiator is primarily .designed as a forced draft'radiator,:it will be clear thatit may also be used as a gravity draft, radiator. where the circulation of air is caused' by convection; It will `also be understoodthat instead of using the radig ator tortransferlheat from the tubes to the*A air iiowingthrough the radiaton'the radiator may be l used to cool the-airbyfsupplying the tubes with a cooling fluid. Accordingly,` the term fradiatorheaders,y and a casing for enclosing the opposite' legs "of said "U-tubes in separate air passages.

as falling within Y y; V25

Y 2. Ina radiatonithe combination of a V`shaped header having ani-inlet formed at the'fbottom thereof, asecond l\/.shapedl1eader arranged be-V low 'the first header and having an outlet formed atfthe bottom thereof,` a-VpluralityV of WU-tubes connected between said headers, acasing foren# closing said' 4U `tubes," and a partition in said'cas-V `ing'forrning two airpassagesv includingtlie op-` Y 3. In a radiator,'the combinationfofaeasing provided with two` main air passages `onealco've vthe other and auxiliary V-air passages ronfoppositeA sides'of the oasing,v a.pairof'V-shaped headers ,located in one Vof''saidauxiliaryY passagesopposite saidimainl-pass'ages,a plurality; of U-tubes-'coni nected between said headers and having" opposite legs thereof extending throughsaid twofmain passages and the loops thereof located in the second auxiliary passage.

4. In a radiator, the combination of a pair of headers, a plurality of U-tubes connected between said hea'tderar and a casing for enclosing the opposite legsof said U-tubes in separate air Ypassages arranged 'fin parallel relation.

5'; In a radiator, the combination of a casing provided with :two air passages, a header assol 4` catedY with each passage and arranged at an angle thereto, and a plurality of U-tubes connec-r ed between said headers with opposite legs lying in different airpassages.

6. In a forced draft radiator,the combination of a casing provided with anairpassage, and

v`a row of heater tubes arranged acrosssaid passage at an angleto the longitudinal axis of said passage of the order of 3Q degrees, said tubes being Vspaced apart infsaid row so that the projected area ofl said tubes at right angles to the.

axis of said passage is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area ofsaid passage, and theV effective area of thespace` between thetubes is substantially equal'to the cross-sectional area of said passage( 7. `In a forceddraft radiator, the combination of a casing provided with an air passage, and

aV plurality Voffrows :of tubes; arranged y across saidppassage, each `row beingzassociated with individual llinear `sections of y said: passage and arrangedV at :an angle to the iongitudinalaxis of said passage of thev orderA of 30, degrees/the `tubes in each row beingspacedapart so that the projected area of said tubes at right angles to. the axis ofsaid passageiszsubstantially equal YandV tubes" provided with a main heating passage,

and a by-pass tubes.

duct' enclosing the loops of said 9. In azradiatorhg'the' combinationof ya. casing having a 'air passage and a'by-pass duct,Y

a plurality of U-tubes having their loops located in said duct and their legs extending through the main passage, and a-damper for controllingthe amount of'air'by-passed aroundisaid main pas'- `4sagethrough said duct.'. Y,

10. In a'radiaton'the VQmmbinationci? a casingV having; a main air-passage anda pair Vof bypass ducts, a'pairofheader's located'in one or" said by-,pass ducts, a plurality `of, U-tubes, con-1 nected between said-headers andv having their legs vextending thru. 'said main passage andtheir loops locatedin the second bil-Dass'duct; I

11, In aradiatonthe combination cfa casingV having'a main air passage and a pair ofv by-v passducts, a. pair of headers'located in one of said ylay-pass ducts, a plurality rof U-tubes connected Vbetween 4said headers and having` their legs extending Athru said main passage and their-loops located in the ,secondbby-pass duct, and dampers for Vcontrolling the. amount of y-airbr-Passed through; said ducts. f

I 12.'Inva radiator, a casing providedwithV two side passages and upper vand llower main. air

passages between said lside passages, a V-shaped header located in one vofv said side passages opp()- .Y site'the upper main air` passage,` a second -v inea-nor shapediheader located said' side passage opy posite the lower main passage, a plurality of U- Vtulnes connected between said headersV with the upper `legs v,thereof 'extending through the* upper rriaingpassage, andv 'the' .lower` legs z extending through therlower main passage,. the loops of said tubes being arrangedin the opposite side passage, thearms of said YV-headers being 'arranged at'equal angles to the axis of said main passages, and the `U-tub'es being so spaced with.

in each main passage that the projectedV area of said,v tubes :at right angles to the axis of said passageis substantially .equal to the cross-secg-'r tional' arear of the passage, and the effective area of `thesp'ace between the tubesis Vat least equalV to the cross-sectional area ofy the passage, de-

fleeting -baiiies associated with the uppermost 'and lowerxnost tube in each rnain 'passage for Vcausing theair to pass .to the inside'of said tubes, spaced radiating fins attached to said tubes within-said v main air passagesvand dampers provided for each Aofsaidxside passages, :said side passages serving torby-pass air around said main passage.

13. In a radiator, the combinationof-a casing' forming anairvpassage, a pair of spaced headers arranged along one iside. of said passage'at an acute angle to the longitudinal 'axis of said passagaand aplurality of `U-tubes connected between vsaidgheaders and. extending across said' passage-i 'w,

f 14.1111 a radiatonthe combination of a casing forming an' airfpassage,t apair ofspaced headers Y arranged along'one side of saidV passage at an angle-to the longitudinal axis of said passage of the order `of() degrees, and a plurality of U-tubes connected between rsaid headers and extendingy across said passage.; f Y

15. Inaforced vidrait radiator, the combination of a casing-provided with an air'passage, and a row of heater tubes-arranged across saidpassage at an' acute angle tothe axisof said passage,

said tubes having a stream-line'cross-section and `being positioned to guide the stream of air through said row of tubeswith minimum resistance to ilow.

. DWIGHT YTENNEY. 

